Movies
Batman in film
The fictional character Batman, a comic book superhero
featured in DC Comics publications, has appeared in various films since his
inception. The character first starred in two serial films in the 1940s, Batman
and Batman and Robin. The character also appeared in the 1966 film Batman,
which was a feature film adaptation of the 1960s Batman TV series starring Adam
West and Burt Ward, who also starred in the film.
Toward the end of the 1980s, the Warner Bros. studio began
producing a series of feature films starring Batman, beginning with the 1989
film Batman, directed by Tim Burton and starring Michael Keaton. Burton and
Keaton returned for the 1992 sequel Batman Returns, and in 1995, Joel
Schumacher directed Batman Forever with Val Kilmer as Batman. Schumacher also
directed the 1997 sequel Batman & Robin, which starred George Clooney.
Batman & Robin was poorly received by both the critics and the fans, and
after a long hiatus in which multiple possible Batman scripts were developed,
Warner Bros. rebooted the film franchise in 2005 with Batman Begins, directed
by Christopher Nolan and starring Christian Bale. Nolan returned to direct two
further installments in the franchise, The Dark Knight in 2008 and The Dark
Knight Rises in 2012 with Bale reprising his role in both films. The two sequels
both earned over $1 billion worldwide, making the Batman series the second (and
one of only two, the other being the Pirates of the Caribbean series) to have
two of its films earn more than $1 billion worldwide.[1]
Batman has also appeared in multiple animated films, both as
a starring character and as an ensemble character. While most animated films
were released direct-to-video, the 1993 animated feature Batman: Mask of the
Phantasm (based on the 1990s Batman: The Animated Series) was released theatrically.
Having earned a total of U.S. $1,900,844,295 the Batman
series is the fifth-highest-grossing film series in North America
1940s film serials
Batman (1943 serial)
Batman was a 15-chapter serial film released in 1943 by
Columbia Pictures. The serial starred Lewis Wilson as Batman and Douglas Croft
as Robin. J. Carrol Naish played the villain, an original character named Dr.
Daka. Rounding out the cast were Shirley Patterson as Linda Page (Bruce Wayne's
love interest), and William Austin as Alfred. The plot is based on Batman, a US
government agent, attempting to defeat the Japanese agent Dr. Daka, at the
height of World War II.
The film is notable for being the first filmed appearance of
Batman and for providing two core elements of the Batman mythos.[3] The film
introduced "The Bat's Cave" and the Grandfather clock entrance.[3]
The name was altered to the Batcave for the comic. William Austin, who played
Alfred, had a trim physique and sported a thin mustache, while the contemporary
comic book version of Alfred was overweight and clean-shaven prior to the
serial's release. The comics version of Alfred was altered to match that of
Austin's, and has stayed that way.[3]
Batman and Robin (1949 serial)
Batman and Robin was another 15-chapter serial film released
in 1949 by Columbia Pictures. Robert Lowery played Batman, while Johnny Duncan
played Robin. Supporting players included Jane Adams as Vicki Vale and veteran
character actor Lyle Talbot as Commissioner Gordon. The plot dealt with the
Dynamic Duo facing off against the Wizard, a hooded villain whose identity
remains a mystery throughout the serial until the end.
Batman (1966)
Batman (also known as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 film
adaptation of the popular Batman television series, and was the first
full-length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character. The 20th Century
Fox release starred Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin, as well as
Cesar Romero as the Joker, Burgess Meredith as the Penguin, Lee Meriwether as
Catwoman, and Frank Gorshin as the Riddler.
The film was directed by Leslie H. Martinson, who also
directed a pair of Batman episodes: "The Penguin Goes Straight" and
"Not Yet, He Ain't," both from season one.
Tim Burton / Joel Schumacher series
Previous concepts
In the late 1970s, Batman's popularity was waning.[4] CBS
was interested in producing a Batman in Outer Space film. Producers Michael
Uslan and Benjamin Melniker purchased the film rights of Batman from DC Comics
in April 1979. It was Uslan's wish "to make the definitive, dark, serious
version of Batman, the way Bob Kane and Bill Finger had envisioned him in 1939.
A creature of the night; stalking criminals in the shadows."[4] Richard
Maibaum was approached to write a script with Guy Hamilton to direct, but the
two turned down the offer. Uslan was unsuccessful with pitching Batman to
various movie studios because they wanted the film to be similar to the campy
1960s TV series. Columbia Pictures and United Artists were among those to turn
down the film.[5]
A disappointed Uslan then wrote a script titled Return of
the Batman to give the film industry a better idea of his vision for the film.
Uslan later compared its dark tone to that of The Dark Knight Returns, which
his script pre-dated by six years.[4] In November 1979, producers Jon Peters
and Peter Guber joined the project.[6] The four producers felt it was best to
pattern the film's development after that of Superman (1978).[7] Uslan,
Melniker and Guber pitched Batman to Universal Pictures, but the studio turned
it down.[8] Though no movie studios were yet involved, in late 1981 the project
was publicly announced with a budget of $15 million. Warner Bros. decided to
accept Batman.[9]
Tom Mankiewicz completed a script titled The Batman in June
1983, focusing on Batman and Dick Grayson's origins, with the Joker and Rupert
Thorne as villains, and Silver St. Cloud as the romantic interest.[10]
Mankiewicz took inspiration from the limited series Batman: Strange Apparitions
(ISBN 1-56389-500-5), written by Steve Englehart.[11] Comic book artist
Marshall Rogers, who worked with Englehart on Strange Apparitions, was hired
for concept art.[8] The Batman was then announced in late 1983 for a mid-1985
release date on a budget of $20 million. Originally, Uslan had wanted an
unknown actor for Batman, William Holden for James Gordon, and David Niven as
Alfred Pennyworth.[9] Holden died in 1981 and Niven in 1983, so this would
never come to pass. A number of filmmakers were attached to Mankiewicz' script,
including Ivan Reitman and Joe Dante.[12] Nine rewrites were performed by nine
separate writers. Most of them were based on Strange Apparitions. However it
was Mankiewicz's script that was still being used to guide the project.[13]
Batman (1989)
Michael Keaton as Batman.
Tim Burton took over as director of the first film in 1986.
Steve Englehart and Julie Hickson wrote film treatments before Sam Hamm wrote
the first screenplay.[12][14] Numerous A-list actors were considered for the
role of Batman before Michael Keaton was cast. Keaton's casting caused a
controversy since, by 1988, he had become typecast as a comedic actor and many
observers doubted he could portray a serious role.[12] Jack Nicholson accepted
the role of the Joker under strict conditions that dictated a high salary, a
portion of the box office profits and his shooting schedule. Nicholson's final
salary is reported to be as high as $50 million.[6][9][15][16] Principal
photography took place at Pinewood Studios from October 1988 to January
1989.[17] The budget escalated from $30 million to $48 million,[6] while the
1988 Writers Guild of America strike forced Hamm to drop out. Rewrites were
performed by Warren Skaaren, Charles McKeown[9] and Jonathan Gems.[18] Batman
received positive reviews, broke numerous box office records, and won the
Academy Award for Best Art Direction. The film grossed over $400 million,[12]
and left a legacy over the modern perception of the superhero film genre.[19]
Batman Returns (1992)
Burton originally did not want to direct a sequel because of
his mixed emotions over the previous film. Sam Hamm's first script had Penguin
and Catwoman searching for hidden treasure. Daniel Waters delivered a script
that satisfied Burton, which convinced him to direct the film. Wesley Strick
did an uncredited rewrite, deleting characterizations of Harvey Dent and Robin
and rewriting the climax. Various A-list actresses lobbied hard for the role of
Catwoman before Michelle Pfeiffer was cast, while Danny DeVito signed on to
portray the Penguin.Filming started at Warner Bros. in Burbank, California in
June 1991. Batman Returns was released with financial success, but Warner Bros.
was disappointed with the film's box office run because it earned less than its
predecessor. However, Batman Returns was released to generally positive
reviews, although a "parental backlash" criticized the film for
containing violence and sexual innuendos that were thought to be unsuitable for
children. McDonald's shut down its Happy Meal tie-in for Batman Returns.
Batman Forever (1995)
Although Batman Returns was a financial success, Warner
Bros. felt the film should have made more money. The studio decided to change
the direction of the Batman film series to be more mainstream. Joel Schumacher
replaced Tim Burton as director, while Burton decided to stay on as producer.
However, Michael Keaton did not like the new direction the film series was
heading in, and was replaced by Val Kilmer as Batman. Chris O'Donnell was
introduced as Robin, Jim Carrey starred as The Riddler, while Tommy Lee Jones
starred as Two-Face. Filming started in September 1994, and Schumacher
encountered problems communicating with Kilmer and Jones. Batman Forever was
released on June 16, 1995 with financial success, earning over $350 million
worldwide and three Academy Award nominations, but the film was met with mixed
reviews from critics.
Batman & Robin (1997)
After the release of Batman Forever, Warner Bros. started
development on Batman & Robin began, commissioning it on fast track for an
adamant June 1997 release. Val Kilmer did not return, because of scheduling
conflicts with The Saint, and was replaced by George Clooney. Arnold
Schwarzenegger starred as Mr. Freeze, while Uma Thurman starred as Poison Ivy
and Alicia Silverstone starred as Batgirl. Chris O'Donnell reprised his role as
Robin. Principal photography began in September 1996 and finished in January
1997, two weeks ahead of the shooting schedule. Batman & Robin was released
on June 20, 1997, and received primarily negative reviews. Observers criticized
the film for its toyetic and campy approach, and for homosexual innuendos added
by Schumacher. Still, the film was a financial success, but remains to be the
least commercially successful live-action Batman film ever. Batman & Robin
received numerous nominations at the Razzie Awards and ranks among the worst rated superhero
films of all time.
Proposals for fifth film
Batman Triumphant
During the filming of Batman & Robin, Warner Bros. was
impressed with the dailies. This prompted them to immediately hire Joel
Schumacher to return as director for a sequel, but writer Akiva Goldsman, who
worked on Batman Forever and Batman & Robin with Schumacher, turned down
the chance to write the script.[36] In late 1996, Warner Bros. and Schumacher
hired Mark Protosevich to write the script for a fifth Batman film. A projected
mid-1999 release date was announced.[42] Titled Batman Triumphant,
Protosevich's script had the Scarecrow as the main villain, and he was set to
be played by radio talk show host Howard Stern. The Joker would return as a
hallucination in Batman's mind caused by the Scarecrow's fear toxin. Harley
Quinn appeared as a supporting character, written as the Joker's daughter
trying to get revenge on Batman for the Joker's death.[43] With Quinn, Mad
Hatter appeared also as a supporting character, written with a similar story of
Edward Nygma in Batman Forever.[44] George Clooney, Chris O'Donnell and Alicia
Silverstone were set to reprise the roles of Batman, Robin, and Batgirl.[45]
However, when Batman & Robin received negative reviews and failed to
outgross any of its predecessors, Warner Bros. was unsure of their plans for
Batman Triumphant. The studio decided it was best to consider a live-action
Batman Beyond film and an adaptation of Frank Miller's Batman: Year One. Warner
Bros. would then greenlight whichever idea suited them the most.[46] Schumacher
felt he "owe[d] the Batman culture a real Batman movie. I would go back to
the basics and make a dark portrayal of the Dark Knight."[47] He
approached Warner Bros. to do Batman: Year One in mid-1998.[47]
Batman: DarKnight
Despite Warner Bros. and Schumacher's interest with Year
One, Lee Shapiro, a comic book fan, and Stephen Wise pitched the studio with a
script titled Batman: DarKnight in mid-1998. DarKnight had Bruce Wayne giving
up his crime fighting career, and Dick Grayson attending Gotham University. Dr. Jonathan Crane uses his position as
professor of psychology at Gotham University and as head psychiatrist at Arkham
Asylum to conduct his experiments into fear (this element would later appear in
Batman Begins). During a vengeful confrontation with a colleague, Dr. Kirk
Langstrom, Crane unknowingly initiates Kirk's transformation into the creature
known as Man-Bat. Citizens of Gotham believe Man-Bat's nightly activities to be
Batman's "bloodthirsty" return. Bruce becomes Batman "to clear
his name," and solve the mystery of Man-Bat.[48] Kirk struggles with his
"man-vs.-monster" syndrome, as he longs to both reunite with his wife
and get revenge on Crane, while Crane exacts revenge on those responsible for
his dismissal from both Arkham and the university while encountering truths
about his past. Warner Bros. decided not to move forward with the project, and
passed on Batman: DarKnight in favor of Year One and Batman Beyond.[48]
Other proposals
Batman: Year One & Batman Beyond
In January 2000, Scott Rosenberg turned down the chance to
write the script for Batman: Year One.[49] In mid-2000, Paul Dini, Neal
Stephenson and Boaz Yakin were hired to write a script for Batman Beyond, with
Yakin to direct. The film was based on the Warner Bros. animated television
series of the same name.[50] Yakin developed one draft of the screenplay with
writers but soon lost interest,[51] and Warner Bros. abandoned Batman Beyond
almost instantly in favor of Batman: Year One.[46]
Around the same time, Warner Bros. hired Darren Aronofsky to
write and direct Year One, despite interest from Joel Schumacher.[47][50]
Aronofsky, who collaborated with Frank Miller on an unproduced script for
Ronin, brought Miller to co-write Year One with him.[52] They intended to
reboot the Batman franchise, "it's somewhat based on the comic book,"
Aronofsky said. "Toss out everything you can imagine about Batman!
Everything! We're starting completely anew."[53] Regular Aronofsky
collaborator, Matthew Libatique, was set as cinematographer,[54] and Aronofsky
had also approached Christian Bale for the role of Batman. Coincidentally, Bale
would be cast in the role for Batman Begins.[55] At the same time, Warner Bros.
was moving forward on a Catwoman spin-off.[56] However, by June 2002, the
studio decided to move forward on Batman vs. Superman and abandon Year One.[57]
Batman vs. Superman
Warner Bros. abandoned J. J. Abrams' script for Superman:
Flyby, which had been greenlighted with McG to direct.[58][59] When McG dropped
out in favor of Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle,[60] Warner Bros. approached
Wolfgang Petersen to direct Superman: Flyby,[61] however, in August 2001,[62]
Andrew Kevin Walker pitched Warner Bros. an idea titled Batman vs Superman,
attaching Petersen as director. Superman: Flyby was put on hold,[61] and Akiva
Goldsman was hired to rewrite Walker's Batman vs. Superman.[46]
Goldsman's draft, dated June 21, 2002, had Bruce Wayne going
through a mental breakdown after his five-year retirement from crime fighting.
Dick Grayson, Alfred Pennyworth and Commissioner Gordon are all dead, but
Bruce's depressed emotions become resolved with fiancée Elizabeth Miller.
Meanwhile, Clark Kent is struggling because of a recent divorce with Lois Lane.
Clark and Bruce are close friends, and Clark is Bruce's best man. After the
Joker kills Elizabeth on the honeymoon, Bruce plots a revenge scheme, while
Clark tries to hold him back. In return, Bruce blames Clark for her death, and
the two go against one another. Part of the script took place in Smallville,
where Clark goes into exile with Lana Lang. However, Lex Luthor is held to be
responsible for the entire plot of Batman and Superman destroying each other.
The two decide to team up and stop Luthor.[63]
Christian Bale and Josh Hartnett had turned down the roles
of Batman and Superman. Bale, who was also approached to play Batman in the
unmade Batman: Year One, would eventually portray the same role in Batman
Begins.[60][64] Principal photography was to start in early 2003, with plans
for a five-six-month shoot. The release date was set for mid-2004.[65] Within a
month of Warner Bros. greenlighting Batman vs. Superman, Petersen left in favor
of Troy (2004).[46] Warner Bros. decided to move forward on Superman: Flyby and
on a Batman reboot.[46] A fictional billboard for the film could be seen in the
background of the 2007 Warner Bros. film I Am Legend.[66] Petersen and Bryan
Singer are interested in directing the project sometime in the future, with
Bale as Batman.[67][68]
Christopher Nolan series
Batman Begins (2005)
Director/writer Christopher Nolan and co-writer David S.
Goyer began work on Batman Begins in early 2003[69] and aimed for a darker and
more realistic tone, with humanity and realism being the basis of the film.[70]
The film, which was primarily shot in the United Kingdom and Chicago,[71][72]
relied on traditional stunts and scale models. Computer-generated imagery was
used minimally. Christian Bale starred as Batman, Liam Neeson starred as Ra's
al Ghul (albeit masquerading as Henri Ducard), and Cillian Murphy starred as
The Scarecrow. Katie Holmes also starred in the movie as Bruce's love interest,
Rachel Dawes. A new Batmobile (called the Tumbler) and a more mobile Batsuit were
both created specifically for the film.[73][74]
Batman Begins was both critically and commercially
successful. The film opened on June 15, 2005, in the United States and Canada
in 3,858 theaters. It grossed $48 million in its opening weekend, eventually grossing
over $372 million worldwide. The film received an 85% overall approval rating
from Rotten Tomatoes. Critics noted that fear was a common motif throughout the
film, and remarked that it had a darker tone compared with previous Batman
films. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography and
for three BAFTA awards.[75] It was also listed at No. 81 on Empire's "500
Greatest Movies of All Time"[76] and has maintained a standing on IMDb's
"Top 250".[77]
The Dark Knight (2008)
Christian Bale as Batman in The Dark Knight.
Christopher Nolan reprised his duties as director, and
brought his brother, Jonathan, to co-write the script for the second
installment. The Dark Knight featured Christian Bale reprising his role as
Batman/Bruce Wayne, Heath Ledger as The Joker and Aaron Eckhart as Harvey Dent
/ Two-Face. Principal photography began in April 2007 in Chicago and concluded
in November. Other locations included Pinewood Studios, Ministry of Sound in
London and Hong Kong. On January 22, 2008, after he had completed filming The
Dark Knight, Ledger died from a bad combination of prescription medication.
Warner Bros. had created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight,
developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screen shots of
Ledger as the Joker, but after Ledger's death, the studio refocused its
promotional campaign.[78][79]
The film received highly positive reviews,[80][81][82] and
set numerous records during its theatrical run.[83] With over $1 billion in
revenue worldwide, it is the sixteenth-highest-grossing film of all time,
unadjusted for inflation.[84] The film received eight Academy Award
nominations; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was
posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor.
The Dark Knight Rises (2012)
Nolan wanted the story for the third and final installment
to keep him emotionally invested. "On a more superficial level, I have to
ask the question," he reasoned, "how many good third movies in a
franchise can people name?" He returned out of finding a necessary way to
continue the story, but feared midway through filming he would find a sequel
redundant. The Dark Knight Rises is intended to complete Nolan's Batman
trilogy. By December 2008, Nolan completed a rough story outline, before he committed
himself to Inception. In February 2010, work on the screenplay was commencing
with David S. Goyer and Jonathan Nolan. When Goyer left to work on the Superman
reboot, Jonathan was writing the script based on the story by his brother and
Goyer. Tom Hardy was cast as Bane and Anne Hathaway plays Selina Kyle. Joseph
Gordon-Levitt was cast as John Blake, and Marion Cotillard was cast as Miranda
Tate. Filming began in May 2011 and concluded in November. Nolan chose not to
film in 3-D but, by focusing on improving image quality and scale using the
IMAX format, hoped to push technological boundaries while nevertheless making
the style of the film consistent with the previous two. Nolan had several
meetings with IMAX Vice-President David Keighley to work on the logistics of
projecting films in digital IMAX venues. The Dark Knight Rises featured more
scenes shot in IMAX than The Dark Knight. Cinematographer Wally Pfister
expressed interest in shooting the film entirely in IMAX.
Upon release, The Dark Knight Rises received positive
reviews and was successful at the box office, going on to outgross its
predecessor and become the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time grossing
over $1.08 billion. However, unlike its predecessors, the film was not
nominated for any Academy Awards.
Future
In March 2011, Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov stated
that the next Batman film will be a reinvention, produced by Christopher Nolan
and Emma Thomas.[99] However, Thomas and Nolan decided to move on to other
projects, finding another film too episodic. Speaking to SFX, Thomas stated
"The great thing about a trilogy is that it feels like you’ve got a
beginning, a middle and an end. It’s like an extended version of a regular
film. I just can’t see him [Nolan] getting excited about making another film
where basically you’re just wheeling in different villains."[100] There
have been reports that the next Batman reboot will be made after the Justice
League movie and therefore the character will be introduced in the Justice League
film instead of a solo film, and would most likely become part of the "DC
Cinematic Universe".[101] However, in March 2013, rumored reports had
surfaced stating that Christopher Nolan was put in charge of all characters and
films in the DCU, continuing to say that he and Zack Snyder (director of Man of
Steel) would produce a Justice League movie, with the latter also in
consideration to direct. With these reports, it was also stated that Christian
Bale would reprise his role as Batman, himself stating that he would do another
film if Nolan was attached.[102][103][104][105] In 2013's Man of Steel,
produced by Christopher Nolan, the existence of Wayne Enterprises is
established in the newly christened DC cinematic universe, setting up for a
future Justice League film and potential Batman reboot.
It has been argued that the ending of The Dark Knight Rises,
in which the character of Joseph Gordon-Levitt, John Blake, inherits the
Batcave presents the possibility of a spin-off.[106] However, Gordon-Levitt
later revealed that The Dark Knight Rises is truly the conclusion of Nolan's
Batman series.[106] Anne Hathaway has said that she is interested in reprising
her role as Selina Kyle; the actress admitted that she would embrace a solo
Catwoman movie if Nolan were involved in the project.[107]
On June 13, 2013, A source from Warner Bros told The Wrap
that they're discussing the possibilities with mention of more Man of Steel
movies as well as a Superman/Batman film, Wonder Woman and Aquaman.[108] Goyer
revealed there will be a new Batman for Justice League. [109] Warner Bros.
announce that Superman and Batman will unite in a new film which will be the
follow-up to “Man of Steel,” set for release in 2015.[110][111]
In The Lego Movie (to be released February 2014), directed
by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, stars Will Arnett as Batman.
Animated films
DC animated universe
1993: Batman: Mask of the Phantasm, a theatrical feature
based on Batman: The Animated Series.
1998: Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero, a direct-to-video
feature also based on Batman: The Animated Series.
2000: Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, a direct-to-video
feature based on Batman Beyond.
2003: Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman, a direct-to-video
feature based on The New Batman Adventures.
The DVD of the three-part TV episode "Starcrossed"
from the Justice League animated series was labelled Starcrossed: The Movie. A
similar case was applied with the three-part Superman: The Animated Series
episode, "World's Finest", which was released to DVD as The
Batman/Superman Movie.
The Batman
2005: The Batman vs. Dracula, a direct-to-video feature.
DC Universe Animated Original Movies
2008: Justice League: The New Frontier, based on the comic
book
2008: Batman: Gotham Knight, a collection of six short films
based on Batman Begins and The Dark Knight
2009: Superman/Batman: Public Enemies, based on the comic
book
2010: Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths, inspired by JLA:
Earth 2[112]
2010: Batman: Under the Red Hood, based on Batman: Under the
Hood
2010: Superman/Batman: Apocalypse, based on the comic book
2011: Batman: Year One, based on the graphic novel
2012: Justice League: Doom, based on JLA: Tower of Babel
2012: Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, adapting in two parts
the graphic novel
Note that DC Universe Animated Original Movies are in fact
each set in separate fictional universes, with the exception of the
Superman/Batman films.
Other
2014: Batman will feature as a secondary character in The
Lego Movie, voiced by Will Arnett.
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